Azure file sync - In Azure, go the Storage Sync Services and open your newly created sync service. Click on + Sync group to create a new group. Give your group a name. Make sure that the correct subscription is selected (same as your Azure File Share) Click on Select storage account, and select your storage account.

 
Azure Files supports preserving directory or file level ACLs when copying data to Azure file shares. You can copy ACLs on a directory or file to Azure file shares using either Azure File Sync or common file movement toolsets. For example, you can use robocopy with the /copy:s flag to copy data as well as ACLs to an Azure file share. ACLs …. Effect house

Full series information: https://aka.ms/learnlive-azure-core-iaas-study-hallMore info here: https://aka.ms/learnlive-azure-core-iaas-study-hall-Ep22Follow on...In today’s fast-paced world, it is essential to have a reliable and efficient method of transferring files between your mobile devices and your PC. AirDroid is a popular mobile-to-...Apr 26, 2023 ... Disable access to the Storage Sync Service public endpoint · Sign in to the Azure portal. · Navigate to the Storage Sync Service and select ...In the rapidly evolving world of technology, businesses are constantly seeking ways to improve efficiency and reduce costs. One tool that has gained significant popularity in recen...The Azure File Sync is a feature Azure File Storage that means you won’t have to make a choice between the server and the cloud. Instead, you can sync up your cloud-based Azure files with the files in the Window Servers you have on-premises. In short, this option lets you save newer or recently-accessed files in your on-premises server while ...Azure File Sync supports syncing the root of a volume to an Azure file share. If you sync the volume root, all subfolders and files will go to the same Azure file share. Syncing the root of the volume isn't always the best option. There are benefits to syncing multiple locations. For example, doing so helps keep the number of items lower …In Azure, go the Storage Sync Services and open your newly created sync service. Click on + Sync group to create a new group. Give your group a name. Make sure that the correct subscription is selected (same as your Azure File Share) Click on Select storage account, and select your storage account.Periodically, Azure File Sync checks the namespace inside a syncing Azure file share for changes that came into the file share by other means than sync. The goal is to identify these changes and ultimately sync them to connected servers. This command can be used to manually initiate the detection of namespaces changes. It can be targeted to the entire …The Azure File Sync agent is supported on Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2012 R2 and consists of three main components: FileSyncSvc.exe: The background Windows service responsible for monitoring changes on Server Endpoints and initiating sync sessions to Azure.On a server endpoint with cloud tiering enabled, if the free space on the volume reaches below a threshold, Azure File Sync considers the volume to be in Low disk spacemode. In this mode, Azure File Sync does two things to free up space on the volume: Files are tiered to the Azure file share more proactively.Show 4 more. You can synchronize local storage with Azure Blob storage by using the AzCopy v10 command-line utility. You can synchronize the contents of a local file system with a blob container. You can also synchronize containers and virtual directories with one another. Synchronization is one way. In other words, you choose which of these ...Azure File Sync is a direct analog for StorSimple's ability to cache frequently used files on-premises. Azure File Sync is a Microsoft cloud service, based on two main components: File synchronization and cloud tiering to create a …Open the Azure File Sync resource in Microsoft Azure portal, click on Sync groups, and to start the creation of a new one click on + Sync Group button located at the top of the new blade on the right side. In the new blade, define a name for the Sync Group, and define the cloud endpoint, which is comprised of the Subscription, Storage Account ...Nov 11, 2021 ... If you liked the videos and are willing to access the complete Course AZ 104 Complete course in English ...For Azure File Sync scenarios, you can sync between your Azure file share (your cloud endpoint), an on-premises Windows file server, and a mounted file share running on a virtual machine in another Azure region (your server endpoint for disaster recovery purposes). You must disable cloud tiering to ensure all data is present locally, …Apr 4, 2021 ... TROUBLESHOOT AZURE FILE SYNC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Subscribe for more ...In this article, we’ll discuss several Azure File Sync troubleshooting methods you can use to: Ensure AFS is operating properly on your server. Receive support from AFS engineers (utilizing the AFSDiag tool). Monitor sync progress and identify sync errors. Troubleshoot cloud-tiering errors. We’ll also discuss our own file sync solution ...Oct 9, 2023 · How to view Azure File Sync metrics in Azure Monitor. Go to your Storage Sync Service in the Azure portal and click Metrics. Click the Metric drop-down and select the metric you want to view. The following metrics for Azure File Sync are available in Azure Monitor: Size of data transferred (upload and download). Customers can register their Sync My Ride account by going to the Ford Motor Company website, choosing the Manage option for Sync My Ride, and clicking on Log In or Register. The c...Triggers detection of changes performed on Azure File share connected to the specified Azure File Sync Cloud Endpoint. Extension GA az storagesync sync-group cloud-endpoint wait: Place the CLI in a waiting state until a condition of a cloud endpoint is met. Extension GA az storagesync sync-group create: Create a new sync group. Extension GAMicrosoft Azure, just like its competitors, launched a number of tools in recent years that allow enterprises to use a single platform to manage their virtual machines and containe...Oct 9, 2023 · How to view Azure File Sync metrics in Azure Monitor. Go to your Storage Sync Service in the Azure portal and click Metrics. Click the Metric drop-down and select the metric you want to view. The following metrics for Azure File Sync are available in Azure Monitor: Size of data transferred (upload and download). Azure File Sync supports syncing the root of a volume to an Azure file share. If you sync the volume root, all subfolders and files will go to the same Azure file share. Syncing the root of the volume isn't always the best option. There are benefits to syncing multiple locations. For example, doing so helps keep the number of items lower per ...Jan 20, 2023 · Azure Files can be used to replace or supplement traditional on-premises file servers or network-attached storage (NAS) devices. Popular operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux can directly mount Azure file shares wherever they are in the world. SMB Azure file shares can also be replicated with Azure File Sync to Windows servers ... In this module, you learn how to: Identify storage for file shares and blob data. Configure Azure file shares and file share snapshots. Identify features and use cases of Azure …Learn how to use Azure File Sync to centralize your file shares in Azure Files and extend your on-premises file server capacity. Find tutorials, guides, troubleshooting …Apr 3, 2018 ... Get cloud confident today! Download our free cloud migration guide here: http://success.pragmaticworks.com/azure-everyday-cloud-resources ...The Azure File Sync agent is supported on Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2012 R2 and consists of three main components: FileSyncSvc.exe: The background Windows service responsible for monitoring changes on Server Endpoints and initiating sync sessions to Azure.The Azure File Sync agent is supported on Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2012 R2 and consists of three main components: FileSyncSvc.exe: The background Windows service responsible for monitoring changes on Server Endpoints and initiating sync sessions to Azure.In this article. You can access your Azure file shares over the public internet accessible endpoint, over one or more private endpoints on your network (s), or by caching your Azure file share on-premises with Azure File Sync (SMB file shares only). This article focuses on how to configure Azure Files for direct access over public and/or ...Jan 25, 2024 · Azure Files offers fully managed file shares in the cloud that are accessible via the SMB and NFS file system protocols. This article discusses the scalability and performance targets for Azure Files and Azure File Sync. The targets listed here might be affected by other variables in your deployment. For example, the performance of I/O for a ... Jan 31, 2019 ... The full instructions written out at ...Azure file share: An Azure file share is a serverless cloud file share, which provides the cloud endpoint of an Azure File Sync sync relationship. Files in an Azure file share can be accessed directly with SMB or the FileREST protocol, although we encourage you to primarily access the files through the Windows Server cache when the Azure file ...Azure File Sync 用の新しいリソース グループを作成するか、既存のリソース グループを選択できます (リソース グループをコンテナーとして使用して、組織のリソースを論理的に分離することをお勧めします。たとえば、HR リソースや特定のプロジェクトの ...Jan 25, 2024 · Azure Files offers fully managed file shares in the cloud that are accessible via the SMB and NFS file system protocols. This article discusses the scalability and performance targets for Azure Files and Azure File Sync. The targets listed here might be affected by other variables in your deployment. For example, the performance of I/O for a ... The Azure File Sync is a feature Azure File Storage that means you won’t have to make a choice between the server and the cloud. Instead, you can sync up your …Nov 22, 2018 ... Azure Storage Sync – the easiest branch office file sync solution? ... Azure Storage Sync provides the means to synchronise files from various ...Apr 21, 2023 · When you enable cloud tiering, there are two policies that you can set to inform Azure File Sync when to tier cool files: the volume free space policy and the date policy. Volume free space policy. The volume free space policy tells Azure File Sync to tier cool files to the cloud when a certain amount of space is taken up on your local disk. Except, I'm not! The folder does not show the cloud icon on the desktop version (to confirm that its syncing) and the folder does not show up in my list of …No, Azure File Sync is for syncing files between an on-premises Windows Server or Cloud VM and an Azure file share, primarily for the purpose of caching the Azure file share on-premises for fast access. There is already an thread discussion in Q&A Forum, please refer to the suggestion which can give some idea on your scenario: Best way to ...If your directories and files are tiered to Azure Files through Azure File Sync, your ACLs are carried over and persisted in their native format. Remember to sync your identities in order for the set permissions to take effect. You can set ACLs for not-synced identities, but these ACLs won't be enforced because the not-synced identities won't ...Apr 3, 2018 ... Get cloud confident today! Download our free cloud migration guide here: http://success.pragmaticworks.com/azure-everyday-cloud-resources ...The Azure File Sync Service allows for the synchronization of on-premise file servers with Azure file shares, supported by Azure storage accounts. It can be used to transition between on-premise and cloud backup solutions, as well as, disaster recovery. The process to use Azure File Sync consists of three steps: configure the service in ...Azure File Sync scales primarily with the number of items (files and folders) and not with the total storage amount. The TreeSize tool lets you determine the number of items on your Windows Server volumes. You can use the tool to create a perspective before an Azure File Sync deployment. You can also use it when cloud tiering is engaged after ...To redirect user access to the new Azure File Sync server, perform one of the following options: Option #1: Rename the old server to a random name, then rename the new server to the same name as the old server. Option #2: Use Distributed File Systems Namespaces (DFS-N) to redirect users to the new server. Old Azure File Sync serverAzure File Sync supports syncing the root of a volume to an Azure file share. If you sync the volume root, all subfolders and files will go to the same Azure file share. Syncing the root of the volume isn't always the best option. There are benefits to syncing multiple locations. For example, doing so helps keep the number of items lower per ... FileSyncSvc.exe: The background Windows service responsible for monitoring changes on Server Endpoints and initiating sync sessions to Azure. StorageSync.sys: The Azure File Sync file system filter, responsible for tiering cold files to Azure Files (when cloud tiering is enabled). Azure File Sync supports syncing the root of a volume to an Azure file share. If you sync the volume root, all subfolders and files will go to the same Azure file share. Syncing the root of the volume isn't always the best option. There are benefits to syncing multiple locations. For example, doing so helps keep the number of items lower per ...Azure File Sync lets you centralize your file shares in Azure Files and cache them on Windows Servers. Learn how to use cloud tiering, multi-site access, business continuity, and cloud-side backup with Azure File Sync. See moreIn the rapidly evolving world of technology, businesses are constantly seeking ways to improve efficiency and reduce costs. One tool that has gained significant popularity in recen...For more information about Azure File Sync, please make sure to check my previous articles. Since the first release of Azure File Sync, one of the most requested features by many customers, was the ability to sync back when the changes occur directly on the Azure File Share.The user’s voice is very active in improving this capability, you …Azure Files offers serverless, secure, and hybrid cloud file shares that can be accessed via SMB and NFS protocols. Learn how to migrate your file server to Azure, use Azure File …Sep 25, 2020 · Install the Azure File Sync Agent. To install the Azure File Sync Agent, you will go to the location where you downloaded the executable. NOTE: Each version of Windows Server has its own version of the installation executable. Then you will execute the installer. Click Next, on the welcome setup wizard. Accept the terms and conditions and click ... The Azure File Sync agent is supported on Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2012 R2 and consists of three main components: FileSyncSvc.exe: The background Windows service responsible for monitoring changes on Server Endpoints and initiating sync sessions to Azure.Feb 2, 2022 ... Not possible AFAIK. Our test determined Azure sync deletes the files in the Azure share and then uploads the current version from the server ...Azure Files supports preserving directory or file level ACLs when copying data to Azure file shares. You can copy ACLs on a directory or file to Azure file shares using either Azure File Sync or common file movement toolsets. For example, you can use robocopy with the /copy:s flag to copy data as well as ACLs to an Azure file share. ACLs …Use the drag-and-drop method on either a Windows or Mac computer to transfer your music to a Samsung phone. Alternatively, use Windows Media Player to sync your music files on a Wi...To use DFS Namespaces with Azure Files and File Sync, you must have the following resources: An Active Directory domain. This can be hosted anywhere you like, such as on-premises, in an Azure virtual machine (VM), or even in another cloud. A Windows Server that can host the namespace. A common pattern deployment pattern for DFS …If the Azure File Sync agent is installed on the C: volume, the installation log file is located under C:\Program Files\Azure\StorageSyncAgent\InstallerLog. Note If the Azure File Sync agent is installed from the command line and the /l\*v switch is used, the log file will be located in the path where the agent installation was executed.To assign an Azure role to an Azure AD identity, using the Azure portal, follow these steps: In the Azure portal, go to your file share, or create a file share. Select Access Control (IAM). Select Add a role assignment. In the Add role assignment blade, select the appropriate built-in role from the Role list. Storage File Data SMB Share Reader.Azure File Sync allows you to centralize your organization's file shares in Azure Files without giving up the flexibility, performance, and compatibility of an on-premises file server. It does this by transforming your Windows Servers into a quick cache of your Azure file share. You can use any protocol available on Windows Server to access ...Implementing and managing infrastructure as a service (IaaS) services in Azure. Microsoft Entra ID. Security-related technologies (firewalls, encryption, multi-factor authentication). Windows PowerShell scripting. Automation and monitoring. Introduction. Implement a hybrid file server infrastructure.Azure CLI. Pour déployer un service de synchronisation de stockage, accédez au Portail Microsoft Azure, cliquez sur Créer une ressource, puis recherchez Azure File Sync. Dans les résultats de la recherche, sélectionnez Azure File Sync, puis sélectionnez Créer pour ouvrir l’onglet Déployer la synchronisation du stockage.Oct 2, 2023 · In this article. Scenario 1: You intend to delete your server endpoint and stop using your local server / VM. Scenario 2: You intend to delete your server endpoint and stop using this specific Azure file share. Next Steps. Removing a server endpoint means stopping sync to and from that server location with the cloud endpoint (Azure file share ... Periodically, Azure File Sync checks the namespace inside a syncing Azure file share for changes that came into the file share by other means than sync. The goal is to identify these changes and ultimately sync them to connected servers. This command can be used to manually initiate the detection of namespaces changes. It can be targeted to the entire …When I was implementing Azure Storage File Sync solution, I found that it worked pretty quick with the files to be uploaded from a server to the cloud storage.The reason for it is the agent installed on the server checks for file changes. Unfortunately, when a file needs to be downloaded from a cloud storage to on-prem – the agent has its own …\n. An Azure File Sync deployment has three fundamental management objects: \n \n; Azure file share: An Azure file share is a serverless cloud file share, which provides the cloud endpoint of an Azure File Sync sync relationship. Files in an Azure file share can be accessed directly with SMB or the FileREST protocol, although we encourage you to primarily access the files …Learn how to use Azure File Sync to centralize your file shares in Azure Files while keeping the flexibility and performance of Windows Server. Follow the steps to prepare Windows Server, deploy …On a server endpoint with cloud tiering enabled, if the free space on the volume reaches below a threshold, Azure File Sync considers the volume to be in Low disk spacemode. In this mode, Azure File Sync does two things to free up space on the volume: Files are tiered to the Azure file share more proactively.Jan 31, 2019 ... The full instructions written out at ...Apr 21, 2023 · When you enable cloud tiering, there are two policies that you can set to inform Azure File Sync when to tier cool files: the volume free space policy and the date policy. Volume free space policy. The volume free space policy tells Azure File Sync to tier cool files to the cloud when a certain amount of space is taken up on your local disk. Update for Azure File Sync agent (version 17.2) for server 2012 R2 (KB5023055) Bulletin Id: MSWU-3374: Bulletin Title: Update Rollup for Azure File Sync …Feb 6, 2022 ... Windows Server 2019 Hybrid and Azure IaaS course with Microsoft Official Courseware || Module 5 Hands-On Lab: Implementing File Services in ...Self-Service Restore Overview. Self-service restore was introduced to the storage sync agent starting with version 9 last year. Self-service restore is built on top of the Previous Versions and Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) feature in Windows that you are most probably familiar with. VSS feature has been in the Windows Client since Windows …The Azure File Sync agent is supported on Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2012 R2 and consists of three main components: FileSyncSvc.exe: The background Windows service responsible for monitoring changes on Server Endpoints and initiating sync sessions to Azure. How to obtain and install the Azure File Sync Agent. The Azure File Sync agent is available from Microsoft Update, Microsoft Update Catalog, and Microsoft Download Center. Notes. If the Azure File Sync agent is not currently installed on a server, use the agent installation package on the Microsoft Download Center. Azure File Sync supports replicating files to multiple hosts from a single Azure File Share – that means you could create a new VM with a smaller, thin provisioned VMDK and use it to host the tiered files. The new VM would just need the File Sync agent installed and configured with tiering enabled (just like the original VM, with it’s own ...Portal; PowerShell; Azure CLI; To create an Azure file share: Select the storage account from your dashboard. On the storage account page, in the Data storage section, select File shares.. On the menu at the top of the File shares page, select + File share.The New file share page drops down.. In Name, type myshare.File share names … Learn how to use Azure File Sync to centralize your organization's file shares in Azure Files, while keeping the flexibility, performance, and compatibility of a Windows file server. Find out how to get started, plan, troubleshoot, migrate, and extend your file server with Azure File Sync. For more information, see Windows file server considerations.. Configuring sync groups and cloud endpoints. A sync group defines the sync topology for a set of files. Endpoints within a sync group are kept in sync with each other. A sync group must contain one cloud endpoint, which represents an Azure file share, and one or more server endpoints.A server endpoint …Oct 30, 2022 ... Tutorial - Extend Windows file servers with Azure File Sync Implement Azure File Sync Step by Step Demo Planning for an Azure File Sync ...Apr 26, 2023 ... Disable access to the Storage Sync Service public endpoint · Sign in to the Azure portal. · Navigate to the Storage Sync Service and select ...Take advantage of fully managed file shares in the cloud that are accessible via the industry-standard SMB and NFS protocols. Azure Files shares can be mounted concurrently by cloud or on-premises deployments of Windows, Linux, and macOS. Azure Files shares can also be cached on Windows Servers with Azure File Sync for fast access near where ...The Azure File Sync agent is supported on Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2012 R2 and consists of three main components: FileSyncSvc.exe: The background Windows service responsible for monitoring changes on Server Endpoints and initiating sync sessions to Azure.Prerequisites for mounting an Azure file share on macOS. Storage account name: To mount an Azure file share, you'll need the name of the storage account. Storage account key: To mount an Azure file share, you'll need the primary (or secondary) storage key. SAS tokens aren't currently supported for mounting Azure file shares.Azure Blob <-> Azure File; The sync command differs from the copy command in several ways: By default, the recursive flag is true and sync copies all subdirectories. Sync copies only the top-level files inside a directory if the recursive flag is false. Take advantage of fully managed file shares in the cloud that are accessible via the industry-standard SMB and NFS protocols. Azure Files shares can be mounted concurrently by cloud or on-premises deployments of Windows, Linux, and macOS. Azure Files shares can also be cached on Windows Servers with Azure File Sync for fast access near where ... Fixes for OneDrive "Processing changes". Problem. Resolution. You have a OneDrive file open. Close the file once you finish editing. You're syncing a lot of files. No action … Azure File Sync will sync folder and files to the Azure file share (cloud endpoint). Information workers in India will continue working on the project in their timezone. When they arrive in the morning, the local Azure File Sync enabled server in India needs to have these new files available locally, such that the India team can efficiently ... Azure CLI. Pour déployer un service de synchronisation de stockage, accédez au Portail Microsoft Azure, cliquez sur Créer une ressource, puis recherchez Azure File Sync. Dans les résultats de la recherche, sélectionnez Azure File Sync, puis sélectionnez Créer pour ouvrir l’onglet Déployer la synchronisation du stockage.For more information about Azure File Sync, please make sure to check my previous articles. Since the first release of Azure File Sync, one of the most requested features by many customers, was the ability to sync back when the changes occur directly on the Azure File Share.The user’s voice is very active in improving this capability, you can add your vote …

Microsoft Azure, just like its competitors, launched a number of tools in recent years that allow enterprises to use a single platform to manage their virtual machines and containe.... Mechanical engineering schools online

azure file sync

To redirect user access to the new Azure File Sync server, perform one of the following options: Option #1: Rename the old server to a random name, then rename the new server to the same name as the old server. Option #2: Use Distributed File Systems Namespaces (DFS-N) to redirect users to the new server. Old Azure File Sync serverThe Azure File Sync service principal must exist in your Microsoft Entra tenant before you can authorize sync access to a storage account. When you create a new Azure subscription today, the Azure File Sync resource provider Microsoft.StorageSync is automatically registered with your subscription.Once you implement Azure File sync solution , it will make sure at any time your files on On-Prem windows server will be in sync with Azure File Share and the other way round. Let us know if the above solution works for you ! Please sign in to rate this answer. 1 comment ...Subaru Forester owners often find themselves wondering how to sync the clock in their vehicles with GPS time. While it may seem like a simple task, the process can be a bit confusi...Oct 13, 2023 · You can synchronize local storage with Azure Blob storage by using the AzCopy v10 command-line utility. You can synchronize the contents of a local file system with a blob container. You can also synchronize containers and virtual directories with one another. Synchronization is one way. In other words, you choose which of these two endpoints ... First, on either a new on-premises Windows Server, or an Azure VM, create a new data disk that is the same size as the original data disk. Creating a new data disk reduces the potential for hardware failure from the original data disk. Install the latest Azure File Sync agent on the new server, then register the new server to the same Storage ... In this module, you learn how to: Identify storage for file shares and blob data. Configure Azure file shares and file share snapshots. Identify features and use cases of Azure File Sync. Identify Azure File Sync components and configuration steps. Logs in to Microsoft Entra ID to access Azure Storage resources. azcopy login status: Lists the entities in a given resource. azcopy logout: Logs the user out and terminates access to Azure Storage resources. azcopy make: Creates a container or file share. azcopy remove: Delete blobs or files from an Azure storage account. azcopy syncWith Azure File Sync, you can centralize your files in Azure and then install a sync agent on Windows Server whether it’s on-premises or in Azure to provide fast local access to your files. Your server and Azure Files are constantly in sync, so you have one centralized location for your files with multi-site access powered by a fast local ...Backup center. File share pane. To configure backup for multiple file shares from the Backup center, follow these steps: In the Azure portal, go to Backup center and select +Backup. Select Azure Files (Azure Storage) as the datasource type, select the vault that you wish to protect the file shares with, and then select Continue.It wouldn’t be a Microsoft Build without a bunch of new capabilities for Azure Cognitive Services, Microsoft’s cloud-based AI tools for developers. The first new feature is what Mi...Once you implement Azure File sync solution , it will make sure at any time your files on On-Prem windows server will be in sync with Azure File Share and the other way round. Let us know if the above solution works for you ! Please sign in to rate this answer. 1 comment ...Full series information: https://aka.ms/learnlive-azure-core-iaas-study-hallMore info here: https://aka.ms/learnlive-azure-core-iaas-study-hall-Ep22Follow on... For Azure File Sync, there are three main areas to consider for disaster recovery: high availability, data protection/backup, and data redundancy. This article covers each area and helps you decide what configuration to use for your own disaster recovery solution. In an Azure File Sync deployment, the cloud endpoint always contains a full copy ... In today’s digital age, our smartphones have become an essential part of our lives. We use them for communication, entertainment, and even as a personal assistant. However, there a...You can use Azure File Sync, either with an on-premises Windows file server or with a Windows file server hosted in an IaaS VM. Windows Server knows how to interact with AD already for Kerberos-based auth, and Azure File Sync preserves AD ACLs. This option sets you up for moving to using the native AD domain join feature I mentioned up …In today’s digital age, our smartphones have become an integral part of our lives. From storing precious memories in the form of photos and videos to keeping important files and do....

Popular Topics